Thursday, April 1, 2010

isothermal process

We have already known isothermal process is quasi-static process. It is the process in which the system undergoes physical changes while keep the temperature remains constant, i.e., the system is always thermal equilbrium with the surroundings.
For gases, at constant temperature, Boyle's law holds good. Therefore, we can apply Boyle's law to the system which undergoes isothermal process.
Alright, here is the question is how we can prepare a system(consider cylinder with the piston) which maintains isothermal process. For that, the following three requirements are needed.
1. The cylinder and the piston should be good conductors of heat
2. Sufficient time should be given to the system to compensate for the changes in temperature(for example, hot coffee takes time to get it cold, i.e., changes occurs in its temperature to get the temperature of the surroundings.)
3.Heat must be allowed to transfer from the system to the surroundings freely manner, i.e., until the system is in thermal equilbrium with surroundings there must be thermal communication between the system and the surroundings.
Under isothermal process, if the gas expands from the volume V1 to volume V2 at constant temperature T, then the workdone by the gas is given by

we can say the example of isothermal process is melting of solids at their melting points because solid is open to nature, so automatically there is thermal equilbrium between solid and nature.
We can say the another example is that vapourisation of liquids at their boiling points because when the liquid reaches to the boiling point then its surroundings gets reach to the same temperature. Obviously, there is no thermal communication between the liquid and surroundings i.e., these are two are in thermal equilbrium.

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