In physiological meaning, energy is the effect, but in case of physics it is the cause because physics treats the total energy in the universe is always constant, it can't be destroyed and created, but it can be transformed from one form to another form without any loss or dissipation.
So, in dynamics we mainly deals with the mechanical energy which is in the form of potential energy and kinetic energy.
Potential energy is the energy possessed by virtue of its state or position.
For example, water on hill top and stretched string have potential energy. A certain mass m is kept at the height h, then the potential energy possessed by the mass is P.E.=mgh
In a stretched spring, the stored potential energy P.E.=(1/2)Kx^2
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by virtue of the body moving with some velocity
Suppose a car of mass m is moving with velocity v, then the kinetic energy of the car K.E.=(1/2)mv^2
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